{"metric_id":"BEMO:2000093","metric_iri":"https://w3id.org/bemo/BEMO_2000093","preferred_label":"E-value Strength","normalized_label":"e_value_strength","abbreviation":"","pillar_id":"BEMO:1000002","pillar_label":"Study Design, Statistical Validity, and Causal Inference","category_id":"BEMO:1100004","category_label":"Causal Inference","parent_class_iri":"https://w3id.org/bemo/BEMO_1100004","ontology_namespace":"BEMO","ontology_version":"0.1.0","metric_version":"1.0.0","lifecycle_status":"Candidate","deprecated":false,"replacement_id":"","created_date":"2026-08-02","modified_date":"2026-08-02","language":"en","license_status":"Pending owner approval; CC BY 4.0 recommended for OBO compatibility.","scientific_definition":"The magnitude and credibility of independent evidence supporting e-value.","what_it_measures":"Assesses e-value strength using evidence appropriate to causal inference, distinguishing random uncertainty from systematic error.","why_it_matters":"Material weakness in e-value strength can change the direction, magnitude, certainty, or biological interpretation of the research conclusion.","measurement_criteria":"Prespecified operational definition; appropriate comparator or reference; quantified uncertainty; independent or orthogonal corroboration; sensitivity analyses.","methods_of_assessment":"Structured critical appraisal; quantitative estimation with uncertainty; prespecified thresholds; independent replication; sensitivity and subgroup analyses.","units_or_scale_source":"Ratio scale; null typically 1","evidence_level_source":"Result / experiment / study / body of evidence, as applicable","applicable_study_types_source":"Randomized and observational etiologic studies, natural experiments, target-trial emulations","related_frameworks_source":"ROBINS-I; ROBINS-E; GRADE; STROBE; ICH E9","closely_related_metrics_source":"Quantitative Bias Analysis Robustness; Assumption Sensitivity; Falsification Test Support","common_misinterpretations":"Treating e-value strength as interchangeable with overall study quality, or interpreting a favorable value as proof that all other bias and validity domains are satisfactory.","limitations":"Depends on context, operational definition, thresholds, data quality, and evaluator judgment; it should not be used as a stand-alone summary score without domain-level evidence.","scientific_importance":8,"frequency_of_use":"Specialized / infrequent","maturity_of_metric":"Developing","references_source":"https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/home/current-version-of-robins-i | https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/robins-e-tool | https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ | https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/ | https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E9_Guideline.pdf","metric_kind":"AtomicOrCompositeNotYetCurated","output_concept":"BEMO:0000200 Metric Assessment","scale_type":"RatioScale","output_datatype":"xsd:decimal","unit_ontology_iri":"","unit_text":"Ratio scale; null typically 1","minimum_value":0,"maximum_value":null,"null_value":1,"directionality":"ContextDependentDirection","computation_mode":"QuantitativeRatioComputation","computation_readiness":"TemplateComputable","formula_status":"GenericTemplateDefined","human_readable_formula":"value = numerator / denominator; the null value is typically 1 where scientifically applicable","machine_formula_language":"BEMO-Expression-JSON","machine_formula_expression":"{\"language\":\"BEMO-Expression-JSON\",\"operator\":\"divide\",\"arguments\":[\"numerator\",\"denominator\"],\"constraints\":[\"denominator != 0\"],\"null_value\":1}","required_inputs":"numerator; denominator; operational_definition; assessment_context","optional_inputs":"confidence_level; stratum","aggregation_rule":"Not specified in source; must be defined and versioned before composite use.","normalization_method":"None by default; any normalization must be justified, versioned, and validated.","missing_data_policy":"Must be declared before computation; report missingness; no silent imputation; perform sensitivity analysis when material.","uncertainty_required":true,"uncertainty_method":"Confidence interval, credible interval, bootstrap distribution, inter-rater reliability, or sensitivity analysis as scientifically applicable.","confidence_interval_required":true,"threshold_policy":"Prespecify, justify, version, and sensitivity-test thresholds; do not derive and evaluate on the same data without correction.","decision_thresholds":"","quality_control_requirements":"Source provenance; input validation; duplicate control; uncertainty reporting; independent or orthogonal validation where applicable.","calibration_requirement":"Not generally required unless converted to a probability or score.","validation_status":"Source maturity: Developing; BEMO computation profile requires independent validation.","benchmark_requirement":"A representative, versioned benchmark set is required before production use.","gold_standard_requirement":"Use an independent reference standard when one exists; document expert-adjudicated alternatives.","external_validation_required":true,"evidence_object_scope":"Result / experiment / study / body of evidence, as applicable","study_type_applicability":"Randomized and observational etiologic studies, natural experiments, target-trial emulations","domain_applicability":"Causal Inference","required_data_sources":"Context-specific; use source references, registered studies, primary data, and authoritative biomedical resources as applicable.","computational_method_family":"ratio estimation","software_implementation_status":"Specification generated; metric-specific reference implementation pending.","reference_implementation":"scripts/compute_metric.py --metric BEMO:2000093","api_endpoint_template":"/v1/metrics/BEMO:2000093/compute","json_schema_ref":"schemas/bemo-assessment.schema.json","shacl_shape_iri":"https://w3id.org/bemo/shapes/BEMO_2000093_AssessmentShape","provenance_model":"W3C PROV-O","source_workbook":"Pure_Biomedical_Evidence_Research_Metrics_Part_2(3).xlsx","source_sheet":"Biomedical Evidence Metrics","source_row":100,"source_record_hash":"8587ae49790e995db7d3bf84506f3bebdce4263532f6e5dcbd136229f5da442f","source_references":"https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/home/current-version-of-robins-i | https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/robins-e-tool | https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ | https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/ | https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E9_Guideline.pdf","curator":"Unassigned","reviewer":"Unassigned","owner":"BEMO Project","approval_status":"Draft","governance_note":"Candidate term pending scientific, ontology-engineering, and computation-method review.","editor_note":"Source content preserved verbatim; computation metadata is a generated default and must be curated before normative use.","definition_source":"Pure_Biomedical_Evidence_Research_Metrics_Part_2(3).xlsx row 100; see source_references","exact_synonyms":"","broad_synonyms":"","narrow_synonyms":"","related_synonyms":"","xrefs":"https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/home/current-version-of-robins-i | https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/robins-e-tool | https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ | https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/ | https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E9_Guideline.pdf","obo_subset":"bemo_study_design_statistical_validity_and_causal_inference","fair_findable":"Provisional: stable local ID assigned; public namespace registration pending.","fair_accessible":"Provisional: package is distributable; permanent public release location pending.","fair_interoperable":"Yes: OWL 2, RDF, SKOS, SHACL, JSON-LD, CSV, and OBO-style identifiers.","fair_reusable":"Provisional: rich metadata supplied; open-license owner approval pending.","confidence_in_metric_definition":"Not yet formally assessed","metric_dependency_status":"Not yet curated","dependency_notes":"Closely related metrics are represented; causal or computational dependencies require expert curation.","implementation_notes":"Exact execution requires a validated computation profile unless formula_status is GenericTemplateDefined.","test_case_status":"Generic validation template provided","example_input_ref":"examples/example_metric_input.json","example_output_ref":"examples/example_metric_output.jsonld","notes":"No source scientific statement was silently altered or replaced.","url_id":"BEMO-2000093","required_inputs_list":["numerator","denominator","operational_definition","assessment_context"],"optional_inputs_list":["confidence_level","stratum"],"source_record":{"source_workbook":"Pure_Biomedical_Evidence_Research_Metrics_Part_2(3).xlsx","source_sheet":"Biomedical Evidence Metrics","source_row":"100","Category":"Causal Inference","Metric":"E-value Strength","Scientific Definition":"The magnitude and credibility of independent evidence supporting e-value.","What It Measures":"Assesses e-value strength using evidence appropriate to causal inference, distinguishing random uncertainty from systematic error.","Why It Matters":"Material weakness in e-value strength can change the direction, magnitude, certainty, or biological interpretation of the research conclusion.","Measurement Criteria":"Prespecified operational definition; appropriate comparator or reference; quantified uncertainty; independent or orthogonal corroboration; sensitivity analyses.","Typical Methods of Assessment":"Structured critical appraisal; quantitative estimation with uncertainty; prespecified thresholds; independent replication; sensitivity and subgroup analyses.","Units or Scale (if applicable)":"Ratio scale; null typically 1","Evidence Level Where Used":"Result / experiment / study / body of evidence, as applicable","Applicable Study Types":"Randomized and observational etiologic studies, natural experiments, target-trial emulations","Related Frameworks":"ROBINS-I; ROBINS-E; GRADE; STROBE; ICH E9","Closely Related Metrics":"Quantitative Bias Analysis Robustness; Assumption Sensitivity; Falsification Test Support","Common Misinterpretations":"Treating e-value strength as interchangeable with overall study quality, or interpreting a favorable value as proof that all other bias and validity domains are satisfactory.","Limitations":"Depends on context, operational definition, thresholds, data quality, and evaluator judgment; it should not be used as a stand-alone summary score without domain-level evidence.","Scientific Importance (1–10)":"8","Frequency of Use":"Specialized / infrequent","Maturity of Metric":"Developing","References or Origin":"https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/home/current-version-of-robins-i | https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/robins-e-tool | https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/ | https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/ | https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E9_Guideline.pdf"},"computation_profile":{"metric_id":"BEMO:2000093","preferred_label":"E-value Strength","computation_mode":"QuantitativeRatioComputation","computation_readiness":"TemplateComputable","formula_status":"GenericTemplateDefined","human_readable_formula":"value = numerator / denominator; the null value is typically 1 where scientifically applicable","machine_formula_language":"BEMO-Expression-JSON","machine_formula_expression":{"language":"BEMO-Expression-JSON","operator":"divide","arguments":["numerator","denominator"],"constraints":["denominator != 0"],"null_value":1},"required_inputs":"numerator; denominator; operational_definition; assessment_context","optional_inputs":"confidence_level; stratum","output_concept":"BEMO:0000200 Metric Assessment","output_datatype":"xsd:decimal","scale_type":"RatioScale","unit_ontology_iri":"","unit_text":"Ratio scale; null typically 1","minimum_value":0,"maximum_value":null,"null_value":1,"directionality":"ContextDependentDirection","aggregation_rule":"Not specified in source; must be defined and versioned before composite use.","normalization_method":"None by default; any normalization must be justified, versioned, and validated.","missing_data_policy":"Must be declared before computation; report missingness; no silent imputation; perform sensitivity analysis when material.","uncertainty_required":true,"uncertainty_method":"Confidence interval, credible interval, bootstrap distribution, inter-rater reliability, or sensitivity analysis as scientifically applicable.","confidence_interval_required":true,"threshold_policy":"Prespecify, justify, version, and sensitivity-test thresholds; do not derive and evaluate on the same data without correction.","decision_thresholds":"","quality_control_requirements":"Source provenance; input validation; duplicate control; uncertainty reporting; independent or orthogonal validation where applicable.","calibration_requirement":"Not generally required unless converted to a probability or score.","validation_status":"Source maturity: Developing; BEMO computation profile requires independent validation.","benchmark_requirement":"A representative, versioned benchmark set is required before production use.","gold_standard_requirement":"Use an independent reference standard when one exists; document expert-adjudicated alternatives.","external_validation_required":true,"computational_method_family":"ratio estimation","software_implementation_status":"Specification generated; metric-specific reference implementation pending.","reference_implementation":"scripts/compute_metric.py --metric BEMO:2000093","api_endpoint_template":"/v1/metrics/BEMO:2000093/compute","json_schema_ref":"schemas/bemo-assessment.schema.json","shacl_shape_iri":"https://w3id.org/bemo/shapes/BEMO_2000093_AssessmentShape","profile_version":"0.1.0","profile_iri":"https://w3id.org/bemo/profile/BEMO_2000093"},"relationships":[{"predicate":"closely_related_metric","source":"Source workbook: Closely Related Metrics","status":"SourceDeclared","directionality":"Directed as recorded; may be symmetric in the source","version":"0.1.0","metric_id":"BEMO:2000103","preferred_label":"Quantitative Bias Analysis Robustness"},{"predicate":"closely_related_metric","source":"Source workbook: Closely Related Metrics","status":"SourceDeclared","directionality":"Directed as recorded; may be symmetric in the source","version":"0.1.0","metric_id":"BEMO:2000084","preferred_label":"Assumption Sensitivity"},{"predicate":"closely_related_metric","source":"Source workbook: Closely Related Metrics","status":"SourceDeclared","directionality":"Directed as recorded; may be symmetric in the source","version":"0.1.0","metric_id":"BEMO:2000096","preferred_label":"Falsification Test Support"}],"incoming_relationships":[{"predicate":"closely_related_metric","source":"Source workbook: Closely Related Metrics","status":"SourceDeclared","directionality":"Directed as recorded; may be symmetric in the source","version":"0.1.0","metric_id":"BEMO:2000084","preferred_label":"Assumption Sensitivity"},{"predicate":"closely_related_metric","source":"Source workbook: Closely Related Metrics","status":"SourceDeclared","directionality":"Directed as recorded; may be symmetric in the source","version":"0.1.0","metric_id":"BEMO:2000103","preferred_label":"Quantitative Bias Analysis Robustness"},{"predicate":"closely_related_metric","source":"Source workbook: Closely Related Metrics","status":"SourceDeclared","directionality":"Directed as recorded; may be symmetric in the source","version":"0.1.0","metric_id":"BEMO:2000106","preferred_label":"Selection-on-Survival Bias Risk"}],"references":[{"order":1,"url":"https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/home/current-version-of-robins-i","type":"Source framework, standard, guideline, or origin","verification_status":"Source-preserved; URL reachability not asserted by this package"},{"order":2,"url":"https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/robins-e-tool","type":"Source framework, standard, guideline, or origin","verification_status":"Source-preserved; URL reachability not asserted by this package"},{"order":3,"url":"https://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/","type":"Source framework, standard, guideline, or origin","verification_status":"Source-preserved; URL reachability not asserted by this package"},{"order":4,"url":"https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/","type":"Source framework, standard, guideline, or origin","verification_status":"Source-preserved; URL reachability not asserted by this package"},{"order":5,"url":"https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E9_Guideline.pdf","type":"Source framework, standard, guideline, or origin","verification_status":"Source-preserved; URL reachability not asserted by this package"}]}